A review of the fabrication and properties of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber/polymer composites |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Applied Sciences, Inc., Cedarville, OH 45314, United States;2. Air Force Research Labs, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, United States;3. University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH 45469, United States;1. School of Engineering and Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia;2. Key Laboratory for Nanomaterials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;3. Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Egypt;1. Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA;2. Department of Textile Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey;3. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;1. School of Applied and Natural Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi''an, 710129, PR China;2. Xi''an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi''an, 710072, PR China;3. MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Condition, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi''an, 710072, PR China;4. Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece;3. Center for Advanced Cement-Based Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA |
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| Abstract: | Several varieties of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber with diameters under 200 nm and conically shaped graphene planes canted with respect to the longitudinal fiber axis are available. Because of the strong inter-fiber bonding, compounding these fibers with polymeric resins demands some care. Therefore, fabrication of nanofiber composites has led to variable and occasionally disappointing electrical conductivity and tensile strength. In the following paper we review the published data for vapor-grown carbon nanofiber (VGCNF) composites and show that the best results, achieved with satisfactory dispersion, are consistent with each other and with calculation. With careful preparation techniques, composite tensile strength and modulus of more than triple that of the neat resin can be achieved with 15 vol% fibers. Electrical conductivity can be achieved with less than 1/2 vol% fiber loading, while above 15 vol% loading resistivities near 0.1 Ω cm are possible. Excellent compressive strength and thermal conductivity can also be achieved. |
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