海藻生物燃料产业化开发的进展

海藻种类多样、光合作用效率高、生长周期短、生物产量高、自身合成油脂能力强，同时还能大量吸收CO2，是制备生物柴油最佳的生物质原料之一。国内外对海藻生物燃料技术的研发均取得一定成果。海藻生物柴油的生产过程主要包括海藻大规模培养、海藻油萃取、酯交换反应、生物柴油后处理4个步骤，而最重要的是海藻的大规模培养。光生物反应器已成为高效、快速、大量培养藻类的关键没备，其一般分为开放式和封闭式两种。AlgaeLink NV公司的海藻光生物反应器是目前世界上唯一已商业化的小型装置。我国企业采用自主研发的反应器装置，通过对环境条件因素进行控制，在技术上已达到海藻含油率40％，日产量1～1．4kg／m^3。当海藻含油率达到60％，日产量平均达到3kg／m^3以上时，海藻生物柴油的生产成本将接近石油柴油的批发价，海藻生物柴油产业将成为一个新兴的替代能源产业。

Algae Biofuel Commercial Development in China

Algae is one of the most suitable biomass feedstock sources for making biodieseh there are many species of algae;their photosynthesis efficiency is high,growth cycle is short,output is high and oil synthesis ability is strong;they can adsorb a large amount of CO2.Progress has been made worldwide in the research and development of algae biofuel technology.The main processes of producing algae biodiesel include largescale cultivation of algae,algae oil extraction,ester exchange reaction and biodiesel post-treatment.The most important procedure is the large-scale cultivation of algae.Photobioreactor is the key equipment used for efficiently,rapidly and massively cuhivating algae.There are generally two types of such equipment - open-ended and close-ended equipment.The algae photobioreactor developed by AlgaeLink NV is the only commercialized such unit in the world.Using a domestically developed reactor,a Chinese enterprise has cultivated algae with 40% oil content by controlling environmental conditions.The daily oil output from such algae ranges from 1 to 1.4kg per one cubic meter of algae.When the oil content of algae reaches 60% and daily oil output exceeds 3kg/m^3 on average ,the cost of producing algae biodiesel will approach the wholesale price of petroleum diesel.The algae biodiesel industry is expected to become an emerging alternative energy industry.