超级电容器用多孔碳材料的研究进展

双电层电容器是近年发展起来的一种新型储能装置。制备双电层电容器电极的材料主要为多孔碳材料 ,目前碳电极材料电容器已成功地商业化。介绍了双电层电容器用活性炭粉、活性炭纤维和炭气凝胶等的制备方法、结构与性能的关系及结构控制等的研究进展。讨论了碳材料结构性能如比表面积、孔径分布、表面官能团等对双电层电容器性能的影响。同时介绍了双电层电容器用中孔碳材料的孔径控制方法如催化活化法、混合聚合物炭化法和模板炭化法等的研究发展情况

Development of porous carbon materials for electric double-layer capacitor

Electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is a new energy storage device developed in recent years. The main material for preparing EDLC is porous carbon material, and the EDLCs based on porous carbon electrodes have been commercialized successfully. The developing progress on the preparing method, structural control and relation between structure and performance of the materials for EDLC, such as active carbon powder, active carbon fiber and aerogel carbon, are described. Effects of the structural properties of carbon material, such as specific surface area, distribution of pore size, surface functional groups, etc., on the performance of EDLC are also discussed. Moreover, the R&D status of the method to control pore size of mesoporous carbon materials for EDLC, including catalytic activation, carbonization of polymer blend and template carbonization, are introduced.