产表面活性剂石油降解菌的筛选及其对石油烃的降解特性

针对炼油厂含油废水处理过程中产生的“三泥”处置难题，从大庆油田含油污泥中分离出一株既产表面活性剂又能降解石油烃的菌株GJ,通过形态特征观察、生理生化试验及16S rDNA序列分析，鉴定菌株GJ为希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella sp.),将菌株GJ应用于浮渣和生化污泥的降解试验，探讨GJ对浮渣和生化污泥的降解动力学。对菌株产物进行提取纯化、薄层层析初步判断、红外光谱分析，证实GJ菌产物为糖脂类表面活性剂。浮渣和生化污泥降解试验中，第7天时菌株GJ对石油烃的降解率最高，分别达到81.11%和83.21%。Logistic生长模型、Luedeking-Piret模型和一级反应动力学模型可以很好地模拟GJ菌体生长、表面活性产物合成和对石油烃的降解过程。初步推断GJ菌以石油烃为碳源，在生长过程中分泌表面活性剂，打破油水界面，增大菌株与石油烃的接触程度，促进GJ菌对石油烃的摄取、代谢并进行自我增殖。

Screening and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation characteristics of petroleum degradation bacteria producing surfactant

In order to solve the problem of "three sludges" in the treatment of oily wastewater from oil refinery, a strain GJ was isolated from the oily sludge of Daqing Oilfield, which can produced surfactant and degraded petroleum hydrocarbon. Through morphological observation, physiological and biochemical experiments and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain GJ was identified as Shewanella sp.. The strain GJ was applied to the degradation experiment of scum and biochemical sludge, and the degradation kinetics of scum and biochemical sludge by GJ was discussed. After extraction and purification, TLC and FTIR analysis, it was confirmed that GJ product was a glycolipid surfactant. In the experiment of scum and biochemical sludge degradation, the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon reached the highest, which was 81.11% and 83.21% respectively at the 7th day of strain GJ. Logistic growth model, Luedeking-Piret model and first-order reaction kinetics model can well simulate the growth of GJ cell, the synthesis of surface active products and the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. It is preliminarily inferred that GJ bacteria take petroleum hydrocarbon as carbon source, and secrete surfactant at the oil-water interface during the growth process, increase the contact degree between the strain and petroleum hydrocarbon, and promote the uptake and metabolism of petroleum hydrocarbon by GJ bacteria and self proliferation of GJ bacteria.