生物复合材料的特征及仿生的探讨

竹、木材、骨和贝壳等生物材料都是复合材料,在长期自然进化中具有优良的结构和特性,问题是人们如何在复合材料的设计和加工中吸取这些特性。本文概述了复合材料仿生的基本情况,研究了生物材料复合结构的优良特征、功能适应性原理以及树木和骨骼的创伤愈合,并对复合材料的结构仿生和自愈合作了初步的探讨。

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMIMETICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Almost all natural biomaterials are composite materials, such as bamboo, wood, bone and shell, etc.. They have formed distinguished structures after millions of years of natural selection and evolution. In the present paper, the origination,development and some applications of bionics were reviewed and some optimal characteristics and superiorities of the composite structures of natural materials were studied. The result reveals that both plant and animal materials conform to the "Principle of Functional Adaptability'. Finally, the self-healing abilities of trauma of bone and wood were studied, which provides the necessary preparation for the research of the self-healing of composite materials.