WC – (Cu: AISI304) composites processed from high energy ball milled powders |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. DURIT – Metalurgia Portuguesa do Tungsténio Lda, 3854-909, Albergaria-a-Velha, Portugal;3. ESTGA – Higher School of Technology and Management, University of Aveiro, 3754-909 Águeda, Portugal;1. Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales-CIME, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/Professor Aranguren 3, E28040 Madrid, Spain;3. LNEG, Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal;4. Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;5. Centro de Ciência Moleculares e Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;6. Diapor ferramentas diamantadas, Zona Industrial de Rio Meão, Apartado 412, 4524-907 Rio Meão, Portugal;7. SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Forskningsveien 1, NO-0314 Oslo, Norway |
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| Abstract: | Alternative binders to cobalt, based on stainless steel (SS, AISI304) and copper were investigated for tungsten carbide (WC) based cemented carbides. The binder content was fixed at 12 wt%, and the Cu:SS ratio varied in proportions of 0:1, 1:5, 1:2, 1:1, 1:0. High energy ball milling was applied to ensure high homogenization, nanometric particle size and mechanical alloying of binder elements in the powders' mixtures. To assess an adequate sintering route, wettability testing and constant heating rate dilatometry in vacuum were performed. The composites were analyzed in terms of their structural, microstructural and mechanical characteristics.The poor wettability of melted Cu on WC surfaces was increased by alloying it with SS and highly dense compacts could be successfully attained at reduced vacuum sintering temperatures with binders having a Cu:SS ratio equal to or lower than 1:2. The microstructures show secondary phases and significant grain coarsening during sintering, whereas the average grain size was kept in the nanometric range. The composites that attained almost full densification present high hardness, comparable to that of nanometric WC-12Co cemented carbides processed by similar routes, but lower toughness values. |
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