A coin-battery-powered LDO-Free 2.4-GHz Bluetooth Low Energy/ZigBee receiver consuming 2?mA |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre (CEDEC), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;3. State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China;4. On Leave from Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal;1. Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;4. China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology, Beijing, 100041, China;5. Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China;1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia;3. Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia;1. Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Electronics Engineering, Apizaquito, TLAX, Mexico;2. INAOE, Department of Electronics, 72840, Mexico;3. BUAP, Faculty of Electronic Sciences, 72570, Mexico;4. CINVESTAV, Computer Sciences Department, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico;5. Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Sevilla, Spain |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes a 1.5-V low dropout regulator (LDO)-free ultra-low-power 2.4-GHz CMOS receiver for direct-powering through a coin battery. By effective merging the quadrature low noise amplifier (LNA), in phase and quadrature (I/Q) mixers, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) in one cell, while removing the LDO, we fully utilize the available 1.5-V voltage supply for current-reuse between blocks, minimizing the dc current consumption. Specifically, a quadrature LNA operating as both common-source and common-drain provides the I/Q outputs in the signal path. Forward-body-bias applied to the transconductance stage of the I/Q mixers relaxes their voltage headroom consumption. Prototyped in 180-nm CMOS, the receiver exhibits a conversion gain (CG) of 23 dB, a noise figure (NF) of 13.8 dB and an input-referred 3rd-order intercept point (IIP3) of ?14 dBm while consuming only 2 mA. The phase noise of the VCO is ?118.5 dBc/Hz at 2.5 MHz offset. The low-cost technology and low current consumption renders the receiver suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) devices using the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or ZigBee standards. |
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| Keywords: | Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) CMOS receiver Current-reuse Forward body bias Low power Quadrature LNA Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) I/Q mixers ZigBee |
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