钻爆法中炮孔填塞的研究现状及发展趋势

钻爆法是当前岩体开挖的主要方法。钻爆法施工时,适宜的填塞相比无填塞,能提高爆破作用效果10%～50%,炸药单耗降低10%以上,空气冲击波压力降低75%～80%,爆生气体对待爆介质的作用时间能延长3～5倍。炮孔填塞质量是影响钻爆法爆破效果的重要因素。经过三十多年发展,炮孔填塞研究取得巨大进展,本文通过开展填塞的作用机理、填塞物的运动规律、填塞长度和填塞材料等方面的文献分析,指出填塞体对爆破冲击波和爆生气体的作用机理研究尚未明确、尚未建立不同爆破作用下填塞长度计算公式、缺乏使用方便快捷和填塞效果好的新型填塞材料等问题,并提出通过新型电爆破装置代替传统起爆源、新型膨胀填塞材料研究、加强高校与爆破企业的合作是未来填塞研究的发展趋势。

Research Status and Development Trend of Borehole stemming in Drilling and Blasting Method

Drilling and blasting is the main method of current rock excavation. When drilling and blasting method, the suitable stemming is compared with no stemming, which can improve the blasting effect by 10-50%, the explosive unit consumption by more than 10%, the air shock wave pressure by 75-80%, and the explosive gas to act on the explosive medium. Can be extended by 3-5 times. The quality of the blasthole stemming is an important factor affecting the blasting effect of the drilling and blasting method. After more than 30 years of development, the research on blasthole stemming has made great progress. This paper analyzes the mechanism of stemming, the movement law of stemming, stemming length and stemming material. It is pointed out that the research on the mechanism of the blasting shock wave and the explosive gas is not clear. The formula for calculating the stemming length under different blasting has not been established, and there is no shortage of new stemming materials such as convenient and quick filling and good filling effect. It is proposed to replace the traditional detonation source with a new type of electric blasting device, research on new expansion stemming materials, and strengthen the cooperation between universities and blasting enterprises is the development trend of future stemming research.