2019年长沙县食用菌中重金属的检测与健康风险评价

摘 要：目的 研究长沙县地区生产的食用菌的重金属含量，并评价经居民膳食途径摄入重金属的健康风险。方法 采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法对8种食用菌中的铅、镉、砷含量进行测定，运用内梅罗综合污染指数法、单因子污染指数法以及目标危害系数法评价了食用菌中重金属的污染状况及其健康风险，基于非致癌风险临界值(THQ = 1)计算食用菌的日均安全摄入量。结果 8种食用菌样品中的铅、镉、砷含量范围分别为未检出~0.30 mg/kg、未检出~0.11 mg/kg、未检出~0.11 mg/kg，均未超标，其中巴西菇中铅、镉、砷含量最高，而茶树菇中的平均含量最低。实验中食用菌的重金属污染指数均处小于0.7，说明其污染水平处于安全水平。从暴露健康风险指数来看，成人通过实验中的食用菌摄入重金属没有明显的健康风险；儿童通过食用菌摄入重金属的健康风险要高于成人，且儿童通过巴西菇摄入砷构成了明显的健康风险。基于非致癌风险临界值，儿童的巴西菇日均安全摄入量为69 g/day。结论 长沙县地区生产的8种食用菌中的铅、镉、砷的污染状况处于安全水平。通过巴西菇摄入重金属砷对儿童构成明显健康风险，建议每日摄入量控制在日均安全摄入量范围内。

Determination of heavy metal of edible fungi in Changsha county in 2019 and health risk assessment

Objective To determine the content of heavy metals in edible fungi produced in Changsha county in 2019 and to evaluate the health risks of ingesting heavy metals through dietary channels. Methods The content of lead, cadmium and arsenic in 8 edible fungi was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The pollution status and health risk of heavy metals in edible fungi were evaluated by using Nemerow pollution index, single factor pollution index and target hazard quotient method, and the daily safe intake of edible fungi was calculated based on the non-carcinogenic risk threshold value (THQ=1). Results The lead, cadmium, and arsenic content in the 8 edible fungi samples ranged from undetected to 0.30 mg/kg, undetected to 0.11 mg/kg, and undetected to 0.11 mg/kg, all of which did not exceed the standard. The content of lead, cadmium and arsenic in Brazil mushroom were the highest, and the average content in tea tree mushroom was the lowest. In the experiment, the heavy metal pollution index of edible fungi was all less than 0.7, indicating that the pollution level was at a safe level. According to the exposure health risk index, there was no obvious health risk for adults ingesting heavy metals through the edible fungi in the experiment. The health risk of heavy metal ingestion through edible fungi was higher in children than in adults, and the exposure of children to arsenic through Brazil mushrooms posed a significant health risk. Based on the non-carcinogenic risk threshold, the average daily safe intake of Brazilian mushrooms for children was 69 g/d. Conclusion The pollution of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in the 8 edible fungi produced in Changsha county in 2019 is at a safe level. Intake of heavy metal arsenic through Brazil mushrooms poses obvious health risks to children, and it is recommended that the daily intake controlled within the daily average safe intake range.