3种养殖淡水鱼重金属含量测定及健康风险评价

目的 了解福建省主要养殖淡水鱼中重金属含量水平及进行鱼类食用安全性评价,为福建省淡水鱼健康养殖和食用安全性提供参考依据。方法 选择草鱼、罗非鱼和鳗鱼为研究对象,测定和分析其重金属含量,运用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法和目标危险系数法进行污染评价。结果 3种养殖淡水鱼肌肉中重金属含量最高的是Cr。Cd与Pb和Hg呈极显著相关,与As呈极显著负相关；Cr与Hg呈显著负相关；Hg与As呈极显著负相关。5种重金属均未出现超标现象,草鱼受到As轻度污染、罗非鱼受到Pb和As轻度污染、鳗鱼受到Cd和Pb轻度污染,但3种淡水鱼未受到综合污染。结论 食用该批次生产的草鱼、罗非鱼和鳗鱼不存在潜在健康风险,今后应继续保持高压监管,并对出现的个别重金属的污染风险进行更精准的管控。

Determination of heavy metal content of 3 kinds of cultured freshwater fish and health risk assessment

Objective To understand the content of heavy metals in main cultured freshwater fish in Fujian province and evaluate the food safety of fish. Methods Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Oreochromis mossambicus and eel were selected as the research objects to determine and analyze their heavy metal content, and pollution evaluation was conducted by using single factor pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index method and target risk coefficient method. Results The highest content of heavy metals was Cr the in the muscles of the 3 cultured freshwater fish, and the content of the 5 heavy metals did not exceed the standard. The single pollution index showed that some Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Oreochromis mossambicus and eel were mildly polluted by Cd, Cr, Pb and As, but Hg content of the 3 freshwater fish were all at the normal background level. The results of the comprehensive pollution of heavy metals in muscle of the 3 freshwater fish were all in the normal background level and the sanitary quality was normal. Conclusion There is no potential health risk associated with adult consumption of Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Oreochromis mossambicus and eel from the batch, but there is a potential health risk associated with the heavy metal Cr in the consumption of 3 freshwater fish from the batch by children in local areas. It is suggested that relevant departments should continue to maintain high pressure supervision in the future and carry out more precise control over the pollution risk of individual heavy metals.