桐油基阻燃多元醇制备及其在硬质聚氨酯泡沫中应用

以桐油(TO)为基本原料,先后经过酯交换反应、磷钨酸季铵盐催化环氧化反应、环氧开环反应生成桐油基阻燃多元醇(TOBP),并将制备的TOBP与异氰酸酯(PAPI)共混通过一步发泡的方式制备得到阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫(FRPUR)。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱和氢谱对产物的结构进行表征,分析结果表明,已成功制备出环氧中间体和TOBP;热重测试结果表明TO、桐油甲酯(TOME)、环氧桐油甲酯(ETOME)和TOBP的热稳定性顺序依次为TOBPETOMETOTOME。通过发泡和极限氧指数、力学强度等测试手段,考察了桐油基PUR泡沫的阻燃性能和力学性能,并与由工业级聚醚多元醇制备的FRPUR硬泡进行比较。分析测试结果表明,由TOBP制备的FRPUR具有良好的阻燃性能和力学性能。

Preparation of Tung Oil-Based Polyol and Its Application in Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Tung oil-based flame retardant polyol (TOBP) was synthesized by using tung oil (TO) as raw material through transesterification with methanol and epoxidation with quaternary ammonium phosphotungstate as catalyst as well as ring-opening reaction. TOBP was then used to produce flame retardant polyurethane foam(FRPUR) by reacting with isocyanate (PAPI). The chemical structures of products were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The results show that epoxy intermediate and TOBP were prepared successfully. Thermogravimetric analysis show that the descending order of thermal stability of the products is TOBP > epoxy tung oil methyl ester (ETOME) > TO > tung oil methyl ester (TOME). The flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of tung oil-based polyurethane foam through the test such as foaming and oxygen index were studied. The test results show that FRPUR which prepared from TOBP show good flame retardant performance and mechanical properties compared with PUR which is prepared from industrial-grade polyether.