染色工艺对氨纶结构与性能的影响

选取分散蓝56染料对氨纶(聚醚型聚氨酯弹性纤维)进行上染并测定色牢度等级和表面色深值(K/S值),结合傅立叶变换红外光谱测试、X射线衍射测试和力学性能测试方法从微观的角度探讨并分析分散染料染氨纶的不同工艺参数(时间、温度和染液p H值)对其性能与结构的影响,以提出氨纶染色优化工艺条件。结果表明,染色温度小于120℃时,色牢度不够,易脱色,大于130℃时K/S值和断裂强力均明显下降,氨纶损伤严重,故染色温度应控制在120~130℃区间;最佳染色时间为30 min,染色时间短,染料分子与氨纶结合差,大于30 min会造成氢键化程度下降,结晶度降低,导致断裂强力降低,染色性能变差;染液p H值应为5~6,氨纶耐酸性较好,耐碱性很差,在弱酸条件下表现出较好的染色性能且对氨纶的力学性能损伤较小。

Influences of Dyeing Process on Structure and Properties of Polyurethane

The disperse blue 56 dye was selected to dye polyether polyurethane,and the color fastness grade and surface color depth were determined,according to methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR),X-ray diffraction and mechanical property test study from the micro perspective and analyze the dispersion of different process parameters of dye dyeing polyurethane (time,temperature and pH of dye solution) effects on its structure and properties. In order to put forward the optimum conditions for polyurethane dyeing. The results show that color fastness is not enough and decoloring when the dyeing temperature less than 120℃, surface color value (K/S value) and breaking strength substantial decline when the dyeing temperature more than 130℃,and poly-urethane damage seriously,the dyeing temperature shall be controlled at 120-130℃ interval. The best dyeing time is 30 min,short dyeing time causes the dye molecules and polyurethane binding difference but more than 30 min will cause the degree of hydrogen bonding decreases,the crystallinity decreases to reduce the tensile strength,and dyeing performance. When dye liquor's pH value is 5-6,polyurethane has good acid resistance,poor alkali resistance,good dyeing performance and mechanical properties of polyure-thane with less damage under weak acid condition.