"两硬"浅埋深厚煤层顶煤顶板运移规律研究

为在浅埋深“两硬”条件下的特厚煤层实施综放开采技术，对坚硬顶煤顶板的破断、运移规律进行了现场观测和分析研究．通过理论分析，建立了顶板断裂的力学模型．利用深基点观测方法，在安家岭井工矿4101综放工作面设置矿压观测站，对工作面顶煤顶板的不同层位进行深基点观测，获得了顶煤顶板随工作面推进垮落和运移情况的数据，分析总结了该工作面顶煤顶板的活动运移规律．观测结果表明：4101工作面顶煤随工作面的推进随采随冒，顶煤顶板运移起始点距煤壁较近，顶煤距煤壁前方15m左右开始移动，顶板岩层移动距离约距煤壁前方10m，顶板运移滞后于顶煤的运移，且顶煤冒落时位移量不大．4101工作面顶煤可随采随冒，顶板能够及时垮落，不需对顶煤顶板采取人工处理措施．

Movement Rule of Shallowly-Buried Thick Coal Seams with Hard Top Coal and Roof

To adopt fully mechanized top caving method for the shallowly-buried thick coal seam,the hard top coal and roof fracturing and moving were observed and analyzed and the mechanical model of roof breaking established.Based on the deep-base point method,the underground pressure observing station was set up in the full mechanized top caving workface 4101 of Anjialing Mine to observe the top coals and roofs of different levels.The data about fracturing and movement condition of the top coal and roof were obtained and the movement rule was analyzed.The result shows that the top coal falls with workface advancing,and the points at which the top coal and roof start to move is quite close to the working face,with the top coal being 10 m and the roof,15 m,ahead of the working face,and the displacement of the top coal is small.Because the top coal and roof of workface 4101 can timely fall down with workface advancing,no artificial measure is needed.