钻井泵吸入过程中的汽化汽蚀与水击

对钻井泵吸入过程中钻井液产生汽化、汽蚀与水击现象的机理进行了探讨。介绍了用直接观察法和噪声测试法测取钻井液汽化特性曲线（汽化压力与温度的关系曲线）的装置，并用直接观察法装置测取了长庆油田钻井液的汽化特性曲线。将该曲线与自来水汽化特性曲线相比较表明，钻井液比自来水更容易汽化，且温度越高，二者汽化压力差值越大。当泵缸内钻井液局部温度达８０～９０℃时，钻井液的汽化压力比自来水高２０～３０ｋＰａ。这个差值足以对合理使用钻井泵构成严重危害，把按自来水计算的无汽蚀工作条件用于钻井液，必然导致钻井液的严重汽蚀。最后，为便于进行各种定量分析，给出了用最小二乘法对汽化特性曲线进行拟合的数学模型。

Vaporization, cavitation and water-hammer on suction stroke of drill pump.

The mechanism of vaporization, cavitation and water-hammer of drill fluid occurring on the suction stroke of drill pump is investigated. The devices for determining the characteristic curve of drill fluid vaporization are introduced. Characteristic curves were worked out on site. Comparison between these curves and the characteristic curve of running water vaporization show that drill fluid is much more susceptible to vaporization than running water , and the higher the temperature, the greater the differential of vaporization pressure of the two. A mathematic model for vaporization characteristic curve fitting is given by means of least square method for the convenience of quantitative analysis.