不同产地雪菊氨基酸组成分析及综合评价

目的:深入研究和开发利用雪菊资源。方法:采用盐酸水解法处理样品(和田、乌鲁木齐、阿坝、泸定、西宁5个产地雪菊),使用全自动氨基酸分析仪测定其17种氨基酸含量,在此基础上,分析雪菊氨基酸的呈味特征,与联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织 FAO/WHO颁布氨基酸模式谱相比较,计算雪菊的氨基酸比值(RAA)、氨基酸比值系数(RC)、氨基酸比值系数分(SRC),并对雪菊的17种氨基酸进行相关性分析和聚类分析,综合评价雪菊蛋白质的营养价值。结果:5种产地雪菊均含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸总含量差距不大。泸定、阿坝雪菊呈味特征以苦味为主,其余3种雪菊呈味强度从大到小依次为鲜味、苦味、甜味。与氨基酸模式谱相比较,5个产地雪菊中Met+Cys均低于模式谱标准,泸定、和田与乌鲁木齐的其他必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例均接近并高于模式谱标准。根据RC值大小,可确定Met与Cys为雪菊的第一限制氨基酸。各产地雪菊SRC值为75~80,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比值(E/T值)为31%~36%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(E/N值)为46%~55%。5个产地雪菊E/N值均略低于FAO/WHO理想蛋白质标准。结论:雪菊有丰富的氨基酸,具有一定的药用价值且冲泡口感好,可深入开发。

Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of amino acid composition of Coreopsis tinctoria from different habitats

Objective: This study focuses on in-depth research and development of the utilization of Coreopsis tinctoria resources. Methods: The Coreopsis samples from Hetian, Urumqi, Aba, Luding and Xining were hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid, and the contents of 17 kinds of amino acids were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer. On this basis, the characteristics of amino acid flavor were analyzed and compared with the amino acid pattern spectrum issued by FAO/WHO. RAA, RC and SRC were calculated, and correlation analysis and cluster analysis were performed on 17 kinds of amino acids of chrysanthemum. Thereafter, the nutritional value of Coreopsis protein was comprehensively evaluated. Results: 17 kinds of amino acids were detected in all the 5 species from different habitats. The taste characteristics of Luding and Aba Coreopsis was mainly bitter, while the other three kinds of Coreopsis showed umami, bitter and sweet taste from the highest to the lowest. Compared with the amino acid pattern profile, the Met+Cys in Coreopsis from the five producing areas were lower than the pattern spectrum standard, and the proportions of other essential amino acids in the total amino acids in Luding, Hetian and Urumqi were close to and higher than the pattern spectrum standard. According to the RC value, Met and Cys were identified as as the first limiting amino acids of Coreopsis. The SRC value ranged from 75 to 80, the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids (E/T value) ranged from 31% to 36%, and the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids (E/N value) ranged from 46% to 55%. The E/N values of Coreopsis in all five regions are slightly lower than the FAO/WHO ideal protein standard. Conclusion: Coreopsis is rich in amino acids and has high nutritional value with certain medicinal value. It has good taste and can be used as a beneficial product resource for human body.