Antimicrobial terpenes from oleoresin of ponderosa pine treePinus ponderosa: A defense mechanism against microbial invasion |
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Authors: | Masaki Himejima Kenneth R Hobson Toshikazu Otsuka David L Wood Isao Kubo |
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Affiliation: | (1) Division of Entomology and Parasitology College of Natural Resources, University of California, 94720 Berkeley, California |
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Abstract: | The oleoresin of the ponderosa pine,Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) exhibited broad antimicrobial activity. In order to identify the active compounds, the oleoresin was steam distilled
to give a distillate and residue. The distillate contained mainly monoterpenes and some sesquiterpenes, while the residue
consisted chiefly of four structurally related diterpene acids. An antimicrobial assay with the pure compounds indicated that
the monoterpenes were active primarily against fungi, but there was also some activity against gram-positive bacteria. The
diterpene acids, in contrast, only exhibited activity against gram-positive bacteria. Although not all of the identified sesquiterpenes
could be tested, longifolene showed activity only against gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, it appears that the oleoresin
ofP. ponderosa functions as a biochemical defense against microbial invasion. |
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Keywords: | Antimicrobial activity gram-positive bacteria fungi Pinus ponderosa oleoresin monoterpene sesquiterpene diterpene acid defense mechanism |
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