多层级电网的输电定价机制分析

输电定价机制对电力市场运行至关重要，不同的电力市场机制根据其实际情况采用不同的定价机制。对于存在跨地区输电的多层级电网，其主要特点是多个资产关系独立的电网公司多层嵌套、多个现货市场相互耦合，在制定输电定价机制时，不仅要考虑不同层级电网公司的输电成本核定、归集和分摊，还要考虑不同现货市场的价格机制和输电权机制。该文首先提出输电监管机构、输电定价区、价格区、输电服务的范围、输电服务的权利等相关概念，然后系统地梳理了欧洲、英国、美国PJM、澳大利亚电力市场输电定价机制的实际做法和存在的问题。最后，采用IEEE 14节点系统进行测算，对比分析几种不同的定价方法，并总结出其对中国电力市场改革的启示。

Pricing Mechanism of Power Transmission in Multi-level Grid

Pricing mechanism of power transmission is very important to the operation of the electricity market. Different power markets adopt different pricing mechanisms according to their actual conditions. For multi-level power grid with cross-region transmission transaction, its main features are multi-level nesting of different transmission owners with independent asset relations, and coupling of several spot markets. In the formulation of pricing mechanism, it is necessary to consider not only the verification, collection and allocation of transmission costs in different transmission owners, but also energy pricing and transmission right mechanism in different spot markets. In this paper, the concepts of transmission regulatory agency, transmission pricing area, price area, the territory of transmission service, right of transmission service are proposed. Then the actual practice and existing problems of transmission pricing mechanism in European, British, American PJM and Australian power markets are systematically introduced, and the IEEE 14-node system is used to demonstrate the transmission pricing mechanism. This paper finally compares and analyzes the differences among several pricing methods, and summarizes the enlightenment to China's power market reform.