煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系

针对我国西部（晋陕蒙宁甘）地区富煤缺水，且蒸发量是降雨量的6倍左右的条件，以及西部煤炭规模化开采产生的裂隙场，破坏了原有的地下水系统，产生大量矿井水，为保障煤矿安全，解决将大量矿井水外排地表蒸发损失的问题，提出了“导储用”为核心的煤矿地下水库地下水保护利用理念，研究开发了涵盖煤矿地下水库设计、建设和运行的技术体系，包括水源预测、水库选址、库容设计、坝体构建、安全运行和水质保障等六大关键技术，并在神东矿区成功建设了示范工程，累计建成32座煤矿地下水库，为矿区提供了95%以上用水，且实现了长期低成本安全稳定运行。工程实践表明，煤矿地下水库是充分利用地下自然空间和自然力储存和净化矿井水的安全、低成本、规模化的储水技术，为西部地区煤炭开采地下水资源保护利用提供了有效技术支撑。

Theory framework and technological system of coal mine underground reservoir

In western China(Shanxi,Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Ningxia and Gansu),there are rich coal resources,while there are also water resource shortage.A surface evaporation capacity is above six times of rainfall.The large-scale,intensive,modern coal mining can result in the formation of crack,destroy the original underground water system,and the generation of lots of mine water.In order to ensure the underground production safety,mine water is traditionally discharged to the surface.However,due to large evaporation capacity in the western area,the discharged mine water can quickly be evaporated and is therefore lost after being discharged.Therefore,a technical approach of storage and utilization of mine water using underground reservoirs of coal mine was proposed,which included design,construction and operation technology.The technical system is composed of water resource prediction,reservoir site selection,reservoir capacity design,dam construction,safety guarantees,water quality control,etc.Currently,32 coal mine underground reservoirs has been established in Shendong Mining Area,which can provide 95 percent of total water consumption,and been in operation safely with a low cost.It is shown that the underground coal mine reservoir is a safe,economical and scaled water storage technology,using natural underground space and natural rock purification,which could be of great significance in the protection and utilization of underground water resources for coal mining in the western mining area of China.