河北省井灌区灌溉用水与耗能变化规律研究

开展农业灌溉节水、节能研究既是支撑区域农业可持续发展必然要求,也是支撑国家节能减排承诺的具体实践。受农业节水、地下水位下降的影响,河北省井灌区灌溉用水和灌溉耗能之间关系复杂,分析了1980-2015年河北省井灌区灌溉用水、灌溉耗能、地下水位变化等规律,得出以下结论:(1)地下水埋深与提取单方水耗电量呈幂函数关系,地下水埋深越大,地下水位下降带来灌溉能耗的增加幅度越来越大;(2)由于地下水位下降,每度电可开采水量从1980年的8m~3减少到2015年的0.9m~3,相比1980年2015年灌溉水量减少了13亿m~3,但是灌溉能耗增加了131亿kW·h。(3)1997年后由于灌溉水量减少而降低的能耗不足以弥补地下水位下降增加的能耗,由此导致1998-2015年每公顷灌溉能耗额外损失为20 850kW·h。本研究对指导河北省农业灌溉水-能关系协调发展提供有益的参考。

Study on the change of irrigation water utilization and energy consumption in well irrigation areas of Hebei Province

To carry out the r esear ch of w ater saving and ener gy sav ing fo r agricultura l irrig ation is a necessar y requirement of suppo rting the sustainable development of reg io nal ag riculture and a concrete practice to support Chinac s pr omise on energ y co nser vatio n and emission r eduction. I n the w ell irrig ation areas o f H ebei Pro vince, the relat ionship between irrig at ion water and irrig atio n energ y consumptio n is complex due to the impact of ag ricultur al wat er2saving and the dr op o f gr oundwat er level. T his paper analyzes the changing patterns of the irrigation w ater, irrig atio n ener g y co nsumpt ion, and g ro undw ater level in the well ir2 rig ation ar eas o f Hebei Prov ince fr om 1980 to 2015, and then dr aws the fo llow ing co nclusio ns: ( 1) The g ro undwater depth and the power co nsumpt ion for ex tracting a cubic meter of w ater has a pow er functio n relatio n; as the gr oundw ater depth incr eases, the incr ease amplitude of irrigat ion ener gy consumption caused by drop of g ro undwater lev el w ill g radually expand; ( 2) Due to the dro p o f gr oundw ater level, the amo unt of w ater that can be ex tracted per kilow att2hour decreased from 8 m3 in 1980 to 01 9 m3 in 2015. Compared wit h the situation in 1980, the amount o f irrigat ion water decreased by 11 3 billion m3 , but irrig atio n ener2 g y co nsumption incr eased by 131 1 billion kW # h in 2015. ( 3) After 1997, the reductio n in ener gy consumption as a r esult o f agricultural w ater2saving was no t enoug h to make up for the incr eased energ y consumption caused by t he dr op o f g ro undw ater lev2 el, resulting in an addit ional loss of 20 850 kW # h o f irrigation energ y consumption per hm2 per year. T his study pro vides a use2 ful reference fo r g uiding the dev elopment of ag ricultur al irrigation water in Hebei pro vince.