转炉钒渣提钒技术研究现状及展望

如何低成本绿色高效回收转炉冶炼钒渣中的钒资源是保证我国钒产业可持续发展的重要举措。本文在分析转炉钒渣成分及物相特征的基础上，系统总结了国内外主要钒制品生产企业提钒工艺研究现状，以钠化焙烧-水浸、钙化焙烧-酸浸等现行工艺和微波焙烧、超重力选择性分离、微生物冶金等新型工艺为例，阐述了不同工艺提钒过程的原理、优点及存在的问题。文章指出：随着全球碳中和目标的推进，未来转炉钒渣提钒新工艺的开发应更加注重解决现行技术存在的资源环境问题，如含盐废水产生量大、含铵芒硝难处理、提钒尾渣钠高难利用等问题；同时，提钒新技术的开发也应加大基础热力学数据库和有价金属微观迁移动力学模型的建立，充分结合微波、超重力、超声波等非常规冶金技术的优点，实现污染的源头削减，兼顾提钒废液和尾渣中其他有价金属的循环高值利用，促进转炉钒渣提钒新工艺朝着绿色化、低成本、短流程、高收率的方向发展。

Review and perspective of vanadium extraction techniques from converter vanadium-bearing slag

It is an important aspect to ensure the sustainable development of China's vanadium industry by efficiently low-cost and green recover the vanadium from converter vanadium-bearing slag. Based on the composition and phase characteristics of the vanadium-bearing slag, the existing vanadium extracting techniques employed by different companies in the world were comprehensively summarized. The principle, advantages, as well as existing problems related to different vanadium extracting processes were clarified in reference to the traditional processes, i.e., sodium roasting - water leaching, calcification roasting-acid leaching, cleaner production technology of vanadium oxide by Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co. Ltd., and novel processes including microwave roasting, super-gravity selective separation, microbial metallurgy, etc. With the advancement of global carbon neutral targets, the development of future novel vanadium extracting technique should pay more attention to solve the existing environmental and resource problems including the large production of saline wastewater, the difficult harmless of the ammonium mirabilite and the difficult in re-using the sodium from the vanadium tailings. Meanwhile, the construction of the thermodynamic database and the dynamic models for the micro migration mechanisms of valuable metals should also be studied more deeply, and the advantages of microwave, super gravity, ultrasonic, etc. should be applied in traditional techniques. Furthermore, other valuable metals presented in vanadium-bearing slag should be efficiently recovered to realize pollution source abatement. Based on the new techniques and fundamental data, the further vanadium extracting process should be developed in the direction of green, low cost, short flow route and high efficiency.