盐度对新型生物脱氮技术影响的研究进展

近年来，新型生物脱氮技术处理高盐含氮废水引起广泛关注，可耐受一定盐度的同时去除废水中的氮素，克服了传统生物脱氮存在的反应器占地面积大、工艺流程长和运行成本偏高等问题。本文综述了盐度对基于硝化-反硝化生化过程的新型脱氮技术（同步硝化反硝化技术和短程硝化反硝化技术）和基于厌氧氨氧化反应的新型脱氮技术[厌氧氨氧化技术、部分硝化-厌氧氨氧化技术、全程自养脱氮工艺（CANON）、限氧亚硝化与厌氧氨氧化相耦合（OLAND）]的影响。通过综述发现在盐度耐受范围内，新型技术脱氮性能影响较小，甚至会促进新型工艺脱氮，而超过一定范围后会显著抑制新型技术的脱氮性能，这主要是新型技术中多种微生物的相互作用及其自身活性受到盐度影响所致，在反应器中添加嗜盐菌和经过一定盐度驯化的微生物可处理更高盐度的含氮废水。最后文章指出加强盐度对新型脱氮技术中微生物群落结构及代谢模式的影响分析、耐盐脱氮微生物的筛选应用及微生物耐盐响应机制的研究是改进和提高自身技术处理性能的根本，已成为高盐含氮废水处理的研究方向。

Effects of salinity on new biological nitrogen removal technology: a review

In recent years, new biological denitrification technologies have been widely concerned in the treatment of high-salt wastewater containing nitrogen. It can tolerate certain salinity and remove nitrogen from wastewater at the same time, which overcomes the drawbacks of traditional biological denitrification, such as large floor space, long process flow and high operating cost. This paper reviews the effects of salinity on new denitrification technologies based on nitrification and denitrification biochemical processes [simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and shortcut nitrification-denitrification) and new denitrification technologies based on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anaerobic ammonia oxidation, partial nitrification-anammox process, completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite (CANON), oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification-denitrification (OLAND)]. Through literature research, it is found that within the salinity tolerance range, the new technologies have little influence on the denitrification performance, even improve the denitrification performance, and when it exceeds a certain range, it significantly inhibits the nitrogen removal performance of the new technologies. This is mainly due to the influence of salinity on the interaction of multiple microorganisms and their own activities in the new technologies. Adding halophilic bacteria and microorganisms acclimated to a certain salinity in the reactor can treat nitrogen-containing wastewater with higher salinity. Finally, it is pointed out that strengthening the study on the influence of salinity on the microbial community structure and metabolic pattern in the new denitrification process, screening and applying of the salt-tolerant denitrifying microorganisms, and the response mechanism of microorganisms for salt tolerance are the fundamentals to improve the treatment performance of their own processes, which have become the research directions for treatment of high-salt wastewater containing nitrogen.