界面聚合在渗透汽化膜分离领域的应用进展

蒸馏、萃取等传统分离方法能耗高，污染环境，而渗透汽化由于低能耗、高效、环保等优势，为共沸物、近沸点混合物的分离提供了新的思路，但渗透汽化膜制备过程中面临的最大问题是获得性能优异且稳定的膜材料。在众多制备方法中，界面聚合法具有反应活性高、常温下生成膜层稳定、制备活性层致密等特点而备受关注。通过对界面聚合过程的调控，可以优化活性层，从而制备出兼具高通量和高选择性的渗透汽化膜。本文综述了界面聚合的原理、在渗透汽化膜制备方面的优势和近年来国内外的研究进展，详细阐述了复合膜制备过程中底膜的选择与改性、界面聚合条件的调控对渗透汽化膜结构和分离性能的影响机制，并对界面聚合制备渗透汽化膜所面临的问题及前景进行了总结与展望。

Application development of interfacial polymerization in the fields of pervaporation membranes

Compared with traditional separation methods such as distillation and extraction which cause high energy consumption and environmental pollution, pervaporation has attracted tremendous attention recently due to its superiorities including low cost, high efficiency, energy saving, safe operation and eco-friendliness in the separation of azeotrope and mixture near boiling point. However, the most prominent problem to prepare the pervaporation membranes is to balance the flux and selectivity under the condition of high stability. Interfacial polymerization is widely used in the preparation of pervaporation membranes, which has the advantages of high reactivity, stable formation of membrane layer at room temperature and the dense active layer. In this paper, the preparation principle and advantages of interfacial polymerization in the preparation of pervaporation membrane were described. The selection and modification of the substrates and the condition optimization of interfacial polymerization were analyzed and summarized in detail. Furthermore, the application prospect of interfacial polymerization in pervaporation field was looked forward.