金属基离子液体催化生物质转化研究进展

生物质是自然界中含量丰富且唯一可再生的有机碳资源，可以经过化学反应转化为高附加值碳基化学品和燃料，被认为是传统化石资源的理想替代品。催化材料的设计开发是生物质资源开发和利用的关键所在，离子液体因其独特的可设计性，在生物质资源利用过程中得到广泛应用。鉴于金属活性中心的催化活性以及离子液体的可设计性，将金属活性中心引入离子液体中制备金属基离子液体催化剂在生物质领域受到广泛关注，并取得一定进展。基于上述背景，本文综述了近年来金属基离子液体催化剂在生物质催化转化过程中的研究进展，重点介绍金属氯化物型、多金属氧酸盐型金属基离子液体在生物质基碳水化合物、木质素催化转化制备平台化学品，以及油脂催化（转）酯化制备生物柴油方面的研究进展；同时还综述了金属螯合物型金属基离子液体以及离子液体金属盐在生物质催化转化方面的研究工作。此外，对金属基离子液体在生物质资源方面的应用进行了总结和展望，并对金属基离子液体催化剂的设计提出建议，以期有助于生物质资源的开发和利用。

Catalytic conversion of biomass by metal-based ionic liquids

Biomass is the unique renewable organic carbon resource with abundant reserves in nature. Through the reaction processes in the presence of a catalyst, it can be converted into high value-added carbon-based chemicals and fuels. Biomass has been considered as an ideal substitute for traditional fossil resources. The development of catalyst material plays the key roles in utilization of biomass resources. Ionic liquids (ILs), known as designable materials, have been widely applied in this field. In view of the catalytic performance of metal ions and the designability of ILs, the introduction of metal sites into IL’s structure to prepare the metal-based ILs catalysts has attracted widespread attention in the field of biomass utilization. Herein, based on the above background, this paper aimed to review the recent progress in the catalytic conversion of biomass under the metal-based ILs catalysts by focusing on the catalytic conversion of biomass-based carbohydrates and lignin into platform chemicals, and the catalytic (trans-) esterification of oleic acid or oil to prepare biodiesel in the presence of metal chloride-ILs and polyoxometalate-ILs, respectively. Meanwhile, the catalytic conversion of other biomass by the metal chelate-ILs and ILs metal salt was also reviewed. In addition, the application of metal-based ILs in biomass utilization field were summarized and prospected, and some suggestions were given to guide the design of metal-based ILs catalysts. Hopefully, it would be helpful in development and utilization of biomass resources.