氢气中杂质对车用燃料电池性能影响的研究进展

车用质子交换膜燃料电池（proton exchange membrane fuel cells，PEMFCs）的耐久性是制约氢能在交通领域商业化应用的关键因素之一。阳极燃料气中含有的微量H₂S、CO和NH₃等杂质是影响PEMFCs耐久性的最主要因素之一。本文综述了PEMFCs阳极氢气中存在的三种关键杂质，即H₂S、CO和NH₃对PEMFCs阳极性能影响的研究进展，包括杂质毒化机制、动力学、燃料电池操作条件影响以及缓解策略，讨论了氢气杂质容限值规定的理论和实验基础。最后，指出了目前氢气杂质对车用PEMFCs影响研究存在的技术问题及未来发展方向，重点指出了根据我国PEMFCs技术发展水平精准推定满足我国车用燃料电池耐久性的氢气杂质容限值的必要性和紧迫性，从而为优化和完善我国车用燃料电池用氢质量标准提供基础数据，促进车用燃料电池寿命的提升。

Progress on effect of hydrogen impurities on the performance of automotive fuel cells

The durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for vehicles is one of the key factors restricting the commercial application of hydrogen energy in the transportation field. The presence of trace amounts of CO, H₂S and NH₃ contained in the fuel gas is regarded as one of the most important factors affecting the durability of PEMFCs. This article reviewed the effects of CO, H₂S, and NH₃ in hydrogen on the anode performance of PEMFCs, including the poisoning mechanism, kinetics, the effect of operating conditions and the mitigation strategies, and also discussed the theoretical and experimental foundation for the determination of hydrogen impurity limits. Finally, it pointed out the technical problems and future development directions in the research on the effect of hydrogen impurities on vehicle fuel cells, and emphasized the necessity of determining the tolerance limits of hydrogen impurities that met the durability of vehicle fuel cells, according to the technical development level of PEMFCs technology in our country. It is valuable for the optimization and regulation of the China’s hydrogen quality standards for vehicle fuel cells by providing basic data, and thus prolonging vehicle fuel cell lifetime.