超临界二氧化碳化学反应研究进展

二氧化碳（CO₂）资源化技术是减少碳排放、实现碳中和的有效手段。如何将CO₂变废为宝，实现其高效利用是国内外研究者关注的热点。超临界CO₂作为常用的超临界流体之一，既可作为安全环保的反应介质，也可作为反应物参与化学反应合成产品，具有良好的应用前景。本文介绍了超临界CO₂的性质和特点，着重评述了近年来超临界CO₂作为反应物在加氢反应、Kolbe-Schmitt反应、碳酸化反应和作为反应介质在催化加氢反应、羰基化反应及酶催化反应方面的研究进展，提出了今后应开发更为高效的催化剂以进一步改善CO₂反应转化率和化学利用率等建议。

Research progress of supercritical carbon dioxide in chemical reactions

The utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is effective for reducing carbon emission and hence has become a hot topic for researchers both at home and abroad. As a typical supercritical fluid, supercritical CO₂ can be used not only as a safe and environmental friendly reaction medium, but also directly as a reactant to participate in the synthesis of chemical products, which has endowed it broad application prospect. This review introduces the properties and characteristics of supercritical CO₂, and the research progress of supercritical CO₂ as both solvent and reactant in reactions. Recent developments as reactant in hydrogenation reaction, Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, carbonation reaction and as solvent in selective hydrogenation reaction, carbonylation reaction and enzymatic reaction were introduced in detail. Finally, it is pointed out that more efficient catalysts should be developed to further improve the conversion and chemical utilization of CO₂ in the future.