宽带全极化垂直昆虫雷达设计及校准关键技术研究

宽带全极化垂直昆虫雷达是一种利用宽带信号实现空中单只昆虫分辨，利用多极化通道实现昆虫全极化测量的雷达系统。当被测昆虫体型在不同极化轴向的电磁波反射功率可明显分辨时，该雷达可利用“当极化方向平行于昆虫体轴时，回波功率最大”的基本原理，通过测量昆虫极化散射矩阵，获取昆虫体轴方向，对研究昆虫定向迁飞规律具有重要的作用。当前垂直昆虫雷达采用机械旋转馈源的方法，分时测量昆虫目标的极化散射矩阵，该方法同时受机械旋转误差、极化分时测量时目标运动的误差以及极化通道稳定性随有源电路时变所引入的测量误差，测量精度不高，为了实现昆虫的高分辨全极化散射特性测量，本文提出了一种高极化隔离的频率步进正交相位编码的宽带波形设计以及极化内定标方法，开发了一部宽带全极化垂直昆虫雷达系统，最终通过理论方法仿真分析与外场试验测试，证明了该雷达系统可实现昆虫同时全极化宽带的稳定测量，验证了昆虫体轴朝向的测量精度。 

Research on the design and calibration of wideband fully polarized vertical insect radar

Wideband fully polarized vertical insect radar is a kind of radar system which uses wideband signal to distinguish single insect in the air and uses multi-polarization channel to measure insect fully polarized. When the reflected power of electromagnetic waves in different polarization axes can be clearly distinguished, the radar uses the basic principle of "when the polarization direction is parallel to the insect body axis, the echo power is maximum", and obtain the insect body axis direction by measuring the insect polarization scattering matrix, which plays an important role in the study of the direction of insect body axis. The existing vertical insect radar uses the method of mechanical rotating antenna feed, time-sharing measurement target insect, in this method, measure accuracy is poor, because the polarization measurement contains error of the target motion and time-sharing channel stability with time varying the measurement error. In order to achieve the high resolution of insects all polarization scattering measurement, this paper proposes frequency-stepped chirp signal with frequency and phase modulation coded, and an inside-radar calibration method. Develop a wideband vertical insect fully polarized radar system. This paper contains the theoretical method of simulation analysis and physical verification. Verify the radar system can realize the stability measurement of the insect's simultaneous fully polarized, and the measurement accuracy of the insect body axis direction.