海洋平台含硫化氢天然气泄漏爆炸连锁事故后果动态评估

硫化氢毒害载荷与油气爆炸载荷是海洋油气作业安全进行的重大威胁。基于此，本文面向海洋平台含硫化氢天然气泄漏爆炸连锁事故，考虑连锁事故发展过程中毒害载荷与超压载荷连续存在的必然性，提出多危险载荷事故后果动态评估方法。以假想的海洋平台含硫化氢天然气泄漏爆炸连锁事故为例，考虑紧急关断系统与放空系统的干预设置动态泄漏速率。以泄漏为触发事件考虑事故的灾变演化，兼顾泄漏硫化氢积聚状态的时空发展与作业人员的应急疏散开展硫化氢毒害后果动态评估；结合延迟点火时刻作业人员实时位置爆炸载荷开展爆炸危害后果评估。引入风险理念，基于风险的可加性对两种危险载荷导致的影响进行综合评估。研究结果可以为海洋平台的应急救援及应急资源的配置提供支持。

Consequences assessment of H2S-containing natural gas release and explosion accidents on offshore platforms

Both H₂S poison load and explosion overpressure load pose grave threats to the offshore oil and gas industry. Accordingly, the chain accidents of H₂S-containing natural gas release and explosion on the offshore platform were concerned for the first time. Considering the certainty of the continuous existence of poison load and overpressure load, a dynamic approach was proposed to realize the comprehensive assessment of the severity of multi adverse effects on the sufferers. The proposed approach was illustrated by a hypothetical chain accident concerning H₂S-containing natural gas release and explosion on an offshore platform. The dynamic assessment for the toxic impact due to H₂S release was conducted considering the emergency evacuation and the temporal-spatial variation of the H₂S profile. The adverse impact due to explosion was estimated according to the explosion loads of the real-time location of the sufferers at the time of ignition. Then the risk-based concept was adopted to combine these two kinds of adverse effects based on the additivity characteristic of risk. The research results would provide support for emergency rescue and emergency resource allocation on offshore platforms.