CO2腐蚀及其缓蚀剂应用研究进展

总结了CO₂腐蚀机理，分析了温度、CO₂分压力、pH、介质成分等因素对CO₂腐蚀的影响。介绍了目前应用较为广泛的咪唑啉衍生物、表面活性剂、季铵盐、有机胺等几类抑制CO₂腐蚀的缓蚀剂。详细阐述了几类常见缓蚀剂在CO₂腐蚀方面的应用及其作用机理。其中大部分缓蚀剂是通过物理吸附与化学吸附共同作用于活性位点进而达到缓蚀作用，指出了部分缓蚀剂的应用局限性。通常两种或多种缓蚀剂复配后效果或好于单一缓蚀剂，但单一组分发挥的作用难以测量。咪唑啉类缓蚀剂常作为CO₂腐蚀环境中复配缓蚀剂组分之一，文中对其与其他缓蚀剂的协同增效作用进行了分析归纳。最后对CO₂腐蚀以及抗CO₂腐蚀缓蚀剂未来的研究方向提出展望。

Corrosion inhibitors and its application in CO2 corrosion

The CO₂ corrosion mechanism was summarized and the influences of temperature, CO₂ partial pressure, pH and medium composition on CO₂ corrosion were analyzed. The corrosion inhibitors widely used to inhibit CO₂ corrosion such as imidazoline derivatives, surfactants, quaternary ammonium salts and organic amines were reviewed. The application and mechanism of several common corrosion inhibitors in CO₂ corrosion were described in detail. Most of the corrosion inhibitors acted on the active sites by physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, and the limitations of some corrosion inhibitors were pointed out. Usually the combined effect of two or more corrosion inhibitors was better than a single corrosion inhibitor, however, the role of a single component was difficult to measure. Imidazoline corrosion inhibitor was often used as one of the components of compound corrosion inhibitors in CO₂ corrosive environment, and the synergistic effect of imidazoline and other corrosion inhibitors was analyzed. Finally, the future research directions of CO₂ corrosion and CO₂ corrosion inhibitors were prospected.