多孔超交联聚合物固载离子液体催化二氧化碳环加成反应的研究进展

CO₂是一种主要的温室气体，以CO₂为原料与环氧化物发生环加成反应可以制备各种环状碳酸酯，是一种绿色可行的CO₂捕集及利用途径。多孔超交联聚合物固载离子液体（hypercrosslinked polymers immobilized ionic liquids，HCP-ILs）催化CO₂环加成反应具有无需溶剂、金属和助催化剂等优点。本文对其近年来的最新研究进展进行了综述，总结了离子单体自聚/共聚或交联法、离子与交联一步法以及交联后修饰法三种制备超交联聚合物固载离子液体方法的特点，分析了目前还存在离子密度偏低、催化效率不够高以及制备成本偏高等不利于“CO₂化工”应用的问题，并指出为实现在常压下快速催化CO₂与环氧化物的环加成反应，应从提高离子密度、调控表面活化功能基团和离子微环境以及降低制备成本等方向加强理论研究和技术攻关。

Research progress on CO2 cycloaddition catalyzed by porous hyper-crosslinked polymers immobilized ionic liquids

CO₂ is one of the main greenhouse gases, and the cycloaddition of CO₂ with epoxides can produce various cyclic carbonates, which is a relative green, economical and feasible way for CO₂ capture and utilization. Using porous hypercrosslinked polymers immobilized ionic liquids (HCPs-ILs) to catalyze the CO₂ cycloaddition reaction does not require solvents, metals and co-catalysts. In this review, we summarized the recent research progress on CO₂ cycloaddition catalyzed by HCPs-ILs, as well as the characteristics of three methods for preparing hypercrosslinked polymer immobilized ionic liquids, namely ionic monomer self-polymerization/copolymerization or crosslinking method, one-step method of simultaneous formation of ions and crosslinking, and post modification method. The problems that are not conducive to the application of “CO₂ chemical industry” such as low ionic density, insufficient catalytic efficiency, and high preparation cost were also analyzed. Finally, we pointed out that in order to realize the rapid catalysis of the cycloaddition reaction of CO₂ with epoxides under normal pressure, theoretical and technical researches should be strengthened from the aspects of increasing ionic density, regulating the surface activation functional groups and ionic microenvironment, and reducing the preparation costs.