催化反应技术在滨海电厂的CO2资源化利用和海洋防污领域的应用

二氧化碳（CO₂）减排和海洋生物污损防治是滨海火电厂亟待解决的重大课题。近年来，CO₂固体吸附材料及新能源催化反应技术的快速发展，推动了碳捕集与利用技术（CCU）的实用化进程。在燃煤火电厂原有的基础上增加碳捕集与利用技术，将其改造成碳捕集与CO₂资源化电厂，有望从根本上实现CO₂减排的目标，是火电企业未来发展的方向。另外，洁净能源驱动的催化反应技术也已延伸至海洋生物污损防治领域，并取得了积极的成效。本文综述了固体CO₂吸附材料研发的新进展，重点介绍了金属有机框架（MOF）材料结构改性和功能化修饰对提高CO₂选择性吸附性能等方面的研究成果，并基于滨海火电厂的生产实况和能源资源优势，分析、总结了热催化、光/电催化反应技术在CO₂资源化利用及生物污损防治等方面的研究现状和存在的问题，提出并论证了利用光触媒涂层阻断或抑制海洋生物黏附与生长的污损防护策略及其在具体场景中应用的可行性。最后从环保和实用化的角度对滨海电厂在CO₂减排和生物污损防治技术方面的发展趋势进行了展望。

Application of catalytic reaction for CO2 resource utilization and marine antifouling in coastal power plants

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission reduction and marine antifouling are the two major issues to be solved in coast-area thermal power plants. In recent years, the rapid development of CO₂ solid sorption materials and new-energy-related catalytic reaction technologies has promoted the practical application of CO₂ capture and utilization (CCU) technology. Applying CCU technology to the coal-fired power plants could transform them into CO₂-captured and CO₂-resourced power plants to achieve CO₂ emission reduction, which sets a good future development tendency for thermal power enterprises. Besides, the catalytic reaction technology driven by clean-energy development has been extended to the field of marine antifouling and achieved substantial progress in recent years. In this paper, the new progress in the research and development of solid CO₂ sorption materials is reviewed, particularly emphasizing the structural and functional modification of MOF materials for improving the selective CO₂ sorption performance. Based on the operation situation and rich energy resource of the coastal thermal power plants, we have analyzed and summarized the achievements of thermal catalysis and photoelectron-catalysis in CO₂ resource utilization and marine antifouling. Furthermore, an antifouling strategy using photocatalytic coatings to prevent and/or inhibit the adhesion and growth of marine organisms is proposed, and the feasibility of its application in some specific fields is demonstrated. Finally, we prospect the development trend of CO₂ emission reduction and antifouling technology in coastal power plants.