厌氧水解的新解读：快速水解和慢速水解

挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）具有可生化性好、附加价值高等优点而得到广泛应用，厌氧消化产VFA是目前学术界的研究热点，但对有机物经过水解后的生物降解性能则少有论及，厌氧发酵过程中的水解产物存在“数量”和“质量”之间的权衡问题。为了进一步提高厌氧发酵过程中微生物对有机物的利用效率，突破水解对厌氧消化的限制性作用，从基质碳源释放快慢及厌氧发酵过程中碳源降解性能不同，本文将厌氧水解分为快速水解和慢速水解，分别阐述了两种水解方式的含义、分类以及优缺点，指出细胞内外碳源的释放速率和释放方式的不同是影响厌氧产酸和生物降解性能的决定性因素。最后指出快速水解与慢速水解相结合的分阶段联合处理方式，是今后厌氧消化产VFA的主要研究方向。

A new interpretation of anaerobic hydrolysis: rapid hydrolysis and slow hydrolysis

Volatile fatty acid (VFA) is widely used because of its good biodegradability and high additive value. Currently, production of VFA via anaerobic digestion is a research hotspot. However, the biodegradability of organic matter after hydrolysis was rarely discussed. There is a trade-off between quantity and quality of hydrolysates in anaerobic fermentation process. To further improve the utilization efficiency of organic substances by microorganisms in anaerobic fermentation process and break through the restrictive effect of hydrolysis on anaerobic digestion, anaerobic hydrolysis is divided into rapid hydrolysis and slow hydrolysis according to the different release speed of matrix carbon sources and the different degradation performance of carbon sources in anaerobic fermentation process. It expounds meanings, classifications, advantages, and disadvantages of the two hydrolysis methods respectively, indicating that the release rate and release mode of carbon sources inside and outside cells are the decisive factors affecting the anaerobic acid production and biodegradation performance. Finally, it points out that the combination of rapid hydrolysis and slow hydrolysis is the main research direction of VFA production by anaerobic digestion in the future.