二硫化钼作为海水淡化材料的研究进展

海水淡化是从丰富的海水资源中提取清洁淡水的技术，是解决淡水资源短缺的重要途径。传统的海水淡化技术在实际应用中已经暴露出高成本、高能耗和低效率等缺点，因此开发海水淡化新兴技术及材料成为研究重点。二硫化钼（MoS₂）是典型层状过渡金属硫化物，因其化学稳定、吸光能力优异等优点，在海水淡化领域具有极大的应用前景。作为一种高效环保的海水淡化材料，MoS₂及其复合材料在改善传统脱盐工艺和发展新兴脱盐技术中已得到广泛研究。本文主要论述和分析MoS₂基材料在电容去离子、膜脱盐及太阳能脱盐等海水淡化应用中的研究进展以及在工业化应用中面临的挑战，并展望其今后在脱盐领域的发展方向。

Research progress of molybdenum disulfide as a material for seawater desalination

Seawater desalination is to extract clean fresh water from abundant seawater resources, being an important way to solve the shortage of fresh water resources. The traditional seawater desalination technologies strongly have exposed the shortcomings of high cost, high energy consumption and low efficiency in practical applications. Therefore, the development of new technologies and materials for desalination has become the focus of research. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is a typical layered transition metal sulfide. Because of its chemical stability and excellent light absorption capabilities, it has great application prospects in the field of seawater desalination. As an efficient and environmentally friendly seawater desalination material, MoS₂ has been extensively studied in improving traditional desalination processes and developing emerging desalination technologies. This article focused on the research progress of MoS₂ materials in the application of capacitive deionization, membrane desalination and solar desalination, as well as the challenges of MoS₂ in the industrialization of these three desalination technologies. The future development of MoS₂ materials in the field of desalination was also discussed.