基于代换合成法的高校教室综合舒适度研究

教室内的温度、相对湿度和空气流速对学生的健康和学习起着至关重要的作用,在2019年的夏季采用主观问卷调查对上海某高校教室内的操作温度、相对湿度与空气流速舒适感进行评价,并提出了综合舒适评价指标。建立了单个物理参数的无量纲函数,并利用向量相似度法计算出操作温度、相对湿度与空气流速对综合舒适评价指标的影响权重分别为0.462,0.291,0.247,通过代换合成法建立了基于操作温度、相对湿度和空气流速的人体综合舒适评价模型。利用控制变量法将三种评价指标两两组合,验证各评价指标对综合舒适评价指标的影响程度,得出操作温度偏离其所在舒适区时,引起的综合舒适度评价值变化量越最大,既而成为影响综合舒适评价指标的主导因素。结合了向量相似度法和代换合成法的综合舒适度评价模型,完全基于数据驱动,摆脱了传统热舒适模型的框架,更能体现出受试者的实际舒适感。这可为制定教室环境综合舒适度定义及相关标准的修订提供参考,同时可为教室热环境的热环境设计参数、评价与设计提供合理依据,减少能源浪费。

Research on comprehensive comfort of college classroom based on substitution and synthesis

The temperature, humidity and air velocity in the classroom play a vital role in students health and learning. In the summer of 2019, this study used a subjective questionnaire to evaluate the comfort of operating temperature, relative humidity and air flow rate in a classroom of a university in Shanghai, and the comprehensive evaluation index of comfort was proposed. A dimensionless function of a single physical parameter was established, and the vector similarity method was used to calculate the operating temperature, relative humidity and air velocity on the comprehensive comfort evaluation index weights were 0.462, 0.291, 0.247. The synthetic evaluation model of human body based on operating temperature, relative humidity and air flow rate was established by substitution synthesis method. The control variable method is used to combine the three evaluation indexes in pairs to verify the degree of influence of each evaluation index on the comprehensive comfort evaluation index. It is concluded that when the operating temperature deviates from its comfort zone, the change of the comprehensive comfort evaluation value will be the largest, which will become the dominant factor affecting the comprehensive comfort evaluation index. It can provide a reference for formulating the definition of the comprehensive comfort level of the classroom environment and the revision of related standards. Combined with vector similarity method and substitution synthesis method, the comprehensive comfort evaluation model is completely data-driven, which gets rid of the framework of traditional thermal comfort model and can better reflect the actual comfort of the subjects. At the same time, it can provide a reasonable basis for the thermal environment design parameters, evaluation and design of the classroom thermal environment and reduce energy waste.