Structure Evolution and Electrical Properties of Y3+‐Doped Ba1−xCaxZr0.07Ti0.93O3 Ceramics

Lead free piezoelectric ceramics of Y³⁺‐doped Ba_1?xCa_xZr_0.07Ti_0.93O₃ with x = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 were prepared. Composition and temperature‐dependent structural phase evolution and electrical properties of as‐prepared ceramics were studied systematically by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, impedance analyzer, ferroelectric test system, and unipolar strain measurement. Composition with x = 0.10 performs a good piezoelectric constant d₃₃ of 363 pC/N, coercive field E_c of 257 V/mm, remanent polarization P_r of 14.5 μC/cm², and a Curie temperature T_m of 109°C. High‐resolution X‐ray diffraction was introduced to indicate presence of orthorhombic phase. Converse piezoelectric constant d₃₃* of x = 0.10 composition performed better temperature stability in the range from 50°C to 110°C. That means decreasing orthorhombic–tetragonal phase transition temperature could be an effective way to enlarge its operating temperature range.