新疆南部地区虚拟水流动研究

虚拟水是蕴含在商品和服务中的水资源,研究虚拟水流动情况对地区水资源利用有着重要意义,本文通过研究新疆南部地区虚拟水流动情况,为后续进一步解决当地水资源问题提供理论支撑和参考依据。基于水资源投入产出模型,结合产业间虚拟水转移量、地区虚拟水消费量及区域间虚拟水贸易量等相关评价指标,从虚拟水的转移、消费和贸易三个角度分析了2012年新疆南部地区(简称南疆)虚拟水流动的情况。结果表明:2012年南疆虚拟水总量283.39亿m~3,其中农业部门占69.4%,虚拟水转移量为78.20亿m~3,主要转移到与农业部门关联度较高的食品制造业和纺织业等部门。南疆虚拟水消费总量131.78亿m~3,农村居民、城镇居民和政府部门虚拟水消费量分别占总消费量的27.3%、65.7%和7.0%。南疆虚拟水贸易处于净调出状态,净调出量171.63亿m~3,主要调出到水资源量较为丰富的广东、山东、山西、黑龙江和上海等地,其中农业部门虚拟水净调出量最高(167.33亿m~3),其余大多数部门为虚拟水净调入部门。根据研究结果可知,农业部门虚拟水的大量消耗和流出加大了南疆地区水资源压力,建议通过适当调整产业结构、加强节水力度以及合理控制虚拟水调出等方法和手段来缓解南疆地区水资源压力。

Study on virtual water flow in southern Xinjiang

Virtual water belongs to the water resources contained in commodities and services． It is of great significance to study virtual water flow for regional water resources utilization． This paper studies the virtual water flow in southern Xinjiang，providing theoretical support and reference for further solving local water resource problems． Based on the Input-Output model of water resources，combined with virtual water transfer，virtual water consumption and virtual water trade and other relevant evaluation indexes，this paper analyzes the virtual water flow in southern Xinjiang in 2012 from three perspectives of virtual water transfer， consumption and trade． The results show that the total virtual water in southern Xinjiang is 28. 339 billion m3 in 2012，among which the agricultural sector accounts for 69. 4%． The agricultural sector transfers the most virtual water ( 7. 82 billion m3) ，which is mainly transferred to food manufacturing and textile industries that are highly related to the agricultural sector． The total virtual water consumption in southern Xinjiang is 13. 178 billion m3，and the virtual water consumption of rural residents，urban residents and government departments accounts for 27. 3%，65. 7% and 7. 0% of the total consumption respectively． The southern Xinjiang is net transferred area through virtual water trade，and the net transfer amount is 17. 163 billion m3，mainly transferred to Guangdong，Shandong，Shanxi，Heilongjiang，Shanghai and other places with abundant water resources，among which the agricultural sector has the highest virtual water net transferred volume ( 16. 733 billion m3) ，and most other departments are virtual water net transferred departments． According to the research results，a large number of consumption and outflow of virtual water in the agricultural sector has increased the pressure of water resources in southern Xinjiang． It is suggested that measures and means such as appropriate adjustment of industrial structure，strengthening water conservation and rational control of virtual water transfer can alleviate the pressure of water resources in southern Xinjiang．