基于尿样测量的241Am内照射常规监测与评价技术研究

²⁴¹Am属于极毒组α核素，吸入人体将产生内照射危害。尿样核素分析监测技术是工作人员内照射常规监测与评价的重要方法之一。本文通过研究²⁴¹Am大体积尿样的前处理、分离纯化、电沉积等因素，建立了大体积尿样中²⁴¹Am的分析监测技术，同时考察了该分析监测技术在²⁴¹Am内照射监测与评价中的应用。研究结果表明：建立的大体积尿样中²⁴¹Am分析监测技术化学回收率为86.2%、精密度为3.88%、相对偏差小于10%；对Pu的去污系数大于1.0×10³；探测限为31.8 μBq/L。对于1.6 L 24 h尿样，常规监测周期为360 d时，最小可测待积有效剂量为0.13 mSv，低于常规监测所规定的2 mSv调查水平，表明该监测技术适用于工作人员²⁴¹Am内照射的常规监测以及剂量评价。

Study on Technology of Routine Monitoring and Evaluation of241Am Internal Exposure Based on Urine Sample Measurement

²⁴¹Am belongs to the alpha nuclides of the extremely toxic group, which will cause internal exposure hazards when inhaled into the human body. Urine sample analysis and monitoring technology is one of the important methods for monitoring the internal exposure of workers. In this paper, the analysis and monitoring technology of internal exposure urine samples was established by studying the pretreatment, separation and purification, electroplating and other factors of large volume urine samples. At the same time, the research on the monitoring and evaluation technology of the analysis technology in²⁴¹Am was investigated. The results show that the chemical recovery rate of the established internal exposure urine sample analysis and monitoring technology is 86.2%, the precision is 3.88%, the relative deviation is less than 10%, the decontamination coefficient for Pu is greater than 1.0×10³, and the detection limit is 31.8 μBq/L. For 1.6 L 24 h urine sample and 360 d monitoring regular cycle, the minimum measurable effective dose is 0.13 mSv, lower than the routine monitoring survey level of 2 mSv. The analysis and monitoring technology of internal exposure urine samples is suitable for routine monitoring of urine samples in professional²⁴¹Am and dose evaluation.