化学法调质脱稳高含水油泥技术研究进展

页岩气开发、油气田含油污水处理过程中会产生大量的高含水油泥,其黏度大、比阻高、稳定性强,处理处置的瓶颈在于脱水效果差,解决问题的关键是调质脱稳。为此,在分析高含水油泥的来源、物化性质、特点、对生产的影响及对环境的危害等基础上,介绍了高含水油泥的基本性质和调质脱稳技术的研究进展,回顾了化学法调质脱稳的技术原理、研究实例,对比分析了各种方法的优缺点。研究结果表明:①油泥脱水处理前应先进行调质脱稳处理以提高脱水效果;②影响高含水油泥脱稳的主要因素是多相乳化体系、油泥中有机物的性质和含量、无机质的主要成分、Cl-和pH值等;③实现高含水油泥的调质脱稳的原理是破坏其多相乳化体系,建议根据油泥的物质组成及性质、后续处理处置工艺与要求、处理剂的性质等因素确定适宜的方法 ;④选择的组合工艺既要实现高含水油泥的脱稳,又要尽可能回收矿物油且不增加油泥的质量,可采用不同化学法组合、化学法与物理法(超声、微波等)协同处理,或采用油泥调节器、油水分离器等高效分离设备强化调质脱稳,以提高处理效果。

Research progress in chemical methods for conditioning and destabilizing high water-content oily sludge

High water-content oily sludge is produced during the storage and treatment of oily wastewater in shale gas fields, and its high viscosity, specific resistance, and stability will result in a poor dewatering effect in its treatment and disposal, so to break this bottlenecking problem lies in conditioning and destabilization. In this regard, we first analyzed the source, quantity, physicochemical properties and characteristics of high water-content oily sludge, and the impact on production and the harm to environment, as well as its basic properties and the research progress in conditioning and destabilization technologies. And we also reviewed the technical principles and research examples of chemical methods for conditioning and destabilization and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Finally, we pointed out that conditioning and destabilization should be performed in advance so as to enhance the dewatering effect in the treatment of high water-content oily sludge; and that the main factors affecting the destabilization of high water-content oily sludge include the multiphase emulsification system, the properties and content of organic matter, the main components of inorganic matter, Cl–, and pH in sludge. The principle of destabilizing lies in destroying the multiphase emulsification system, so we suggested that according to the composition and properties of sludge, the properties of treating agents and the requirements of subsequent treatment and disposal process, the combination processes with various chemical methods or chemical & physical (ultrasound, microwave, etc.) methods should be selected to realize destabilization and recover oil resources as much as possible, and that efficient separation equipments (sludge regulator, oil–water separator, etc.) be required to improve such a treatment effect.