高温和超高温气冷堆动力转换方案研究

动力转换单元是高温和超高温气冷堆的重要组成部分。本文对高温和超高温气冷堆的动力转换单元进行研究。从4个关键参数（反应堆出口温度、反应堆入口温度、压缩比和主蒸汽参数）入手，对5个循环方案进行比较分析。综合考虑各种工程因素，上位循环为简单氦气透平循环、下位循环为有再热的蒸汽轮机循环的联合循环方案是具有竞争力的，其中下位循环在高温气冷堆范围是亚临界参数循环，在超高温气冷堆范围是超临界参数循环。联合循环可实现高温和超高温气冷堆热量的高效率转化，且反应堆入口温度在反应堆压力壳材料允许的范围内，具有足够的安全性。

Study on Power Conversion Unit of HTGR and VHTR

Power conversion unit is an important part of high and very high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR and VHTR). The power conversion unit coupled with either HTGR or VHTR was studied in this paper. Based on four key parameters (reactor outlet temperature, reactor inlet temperature, compressor pressure ratio and main steam parameters), five cycle strategies were compared. Considering several engineering limits, the combined cycle with topping closed Brayton cycle and bottoming reheat Rankine cycle is more competitive. Its bottoming cycle should be subcritical in range of HTGR, and in range of VHTR the bottoming cycle should be supercritical. Combined cycle can efficiently convert heat of HTGR and VHTR, and its reactor inlet temperature is within the allowable range of the material of reactor pressure vessel, which has sufficient safety.