关于当前中国天然气供应安全问题的思考

在天然气供应日趋全球化的今天,供应中断、严重不足或价格暴涨都有可能会对一个国家或地区的众多方面造成影响甚至损害。天然气已成为我国的主体能源之一,其供应的安全性、稳定性和持续性关乎国家的能源安全。为此,对当前中国天然气供应安全问题进行了探讨,基于总体国家安全观重新认识和审视天然气供应安全,提出构成中国天然气供应安全的三个层次——物质安全、获得安全和共同安全。进而归纳总结出当前影响中国天然气供应安全的主要问题:①天然气对外依存度偏高;②国内天然气基础设施薄弱;③国际共同安全体系建设仍待加强。最后,着眼于内部安全和外部安全两个视角,提出了加强中国天然气供应安全体系建设的对策与措施:①加快国内天然气供应侧能力提升,提升国产气供应安全能力;②加快国内天然气基础设施体系建设,破解国内储运安全瓶颈;③促进国内天然气需求侧应急调峰能力建设,增强需求侧供应安全;④深化"一带一路"能源合作,构建"中国天然气供应安全鱼骨图",全力提升外部供应安全。

On the security of natural gas supply in China

Natural gas supply is becoming more and more globalized, supply disruption, serious shortage or price surge will cause bad impacts and damage to many aspects for a country or a region. Natural gas has become one of the primary energy sources, and its supply security, stability and sustainability are directly related to the energy security in China. In view of this, we discussed the present issues on natural gas supply security in China and presented three involved levels including material security, access security and common security. Furthermore, we summarized the three major problems influencing the natural gas supply security in China as follows: high external dependence, weak domestic infrastructure and uncompleted international common security system. Finally, from the perspective of internal and external security, we put forward some proposals and countermeasures to strengthen the construction of China's natural gas supply security system: (1) Speed up the upgrading of China's natural gas supply side capacity and improve the safety of domestic gas supply; (2) Speed up the construction of domestic natural gas infrastructure and break the safety bottleneck of domestic storage and transportation; (3) Promote the construction of domestic demand side peak-shaving capacity and enhance the demand side supply safety; (4) Deepen the "One Belt and One Road" energy cooperation and construct a "Fishbone Map" for the security of natural gas supply in China.