Large-scale DNA memory based on the nested PCR

A DNA Memory with over 10 million (16.8 M) addresses was achieved. The data embedded into a unique address was correctly extracted through an addressing processes based on nested PCR. The limitation of the scaling-up of the proposed DNA memory is discussed by using a theoretical model based on combinatorial optimization with some experimental restrictions. The results reveal that the size of the address space of the DNA memory presented here may be close to the theoretical limit. The high-capacity DNA memory can be also used in cryptography (steganography) or DNA ink. In decoding process, multiple data with different addresses can be also simultaneously accessed by using the mixture of some address primers. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.