基于水资源分异特征及其敏感性分析的生态功能区划——以哈尔滨市辖区优控单元为例

为提高松花江流域哈尔滨市辖区优先控制单元的水资源科学管理能力,采用SWAT模型对水资源时空分异特征进行模拟,结果表明:研究区内水资源时空分布不均匀,年内汛期与枯水期径流占比分别为56%和16.1%,径流年际变化范围为725～2 872 m~3/s,多年平均径流量为1 320 m~3/s,研究区月降水量在6月和8月呈现显著的上升趋势.水资源空间分布结果表明,丰/平/枯年份各亚流域水资源分布情况不同,水资源贡献较大的区域主要集中在亚流域20和23,其中亚流域20在丰、平、枯年份对径流的贡献率均最大,分别为10.64%,8.2%和11.31%.根据亚流域水资源敏感性特征,将哈尔滨优控单元进一步细化为8个四级生态功能分区,并结合功能分区目标给出水资源管理与利用方案,籍以指导流域水资源管理与科学利用.

Ecological function zoning based on water resources differentiation and sensitivity analysis: A case study of Harbin priority control section

To improve the scientific management capacity of water resources in Harbin priority control section in Songhua River Basin, SWAT model was used to simulate the spatial and temporal characteristics of the water resources. Results show that the spatial and temporal distribution of the water resources in the study area was uneven. The runoff during the flood season was the largest, accounting for 56% of the annual runoff, while that of the dry season was only 16.1% of the annual runoff. The inter-annual runoff ranged from 725 to 2 872 m³/s and the average runoff was 1 320 m³/s. The monthly precipitation in the study area showed a significant upward trend in June and August. The spatial distribution of water resources in sub-basins was different in the years of abundance, normality, and dryness that sub-basins 20 and 23 had greater contributions to the water resources. The contribution rates of runoff in the sub-basin 20 were the highest in the years of abundance, normality, and dryness, which were 10.46%, 8.2% and 11.31%, respectively. The Harbin priority control section was further divided into eight ecological function zones based on the characteristics of water resource sensitivity of sub-basins. Water resources management and utilization plan were proposed combined with objectives of the function zones. The results of this study provide technical guidance for the management and utilization of regional water resources.