PA 6/ODOPB/GNPs阻燃复合材料及纤维的制备与性能表征

将磷系阻燃剂10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(ODOPB)与纳米石墨片(GNPs)复配加入到聚酰胺6(PA6)聚合体系中,通过原位聚合的方式制备了PA6/ODOPB/GNPs复合材料,再经熔融纺丝得到PA6/ODOPB/GNPs复合纤维,并对复合材料及纤维的阻燃性能进行了研究。结果表明:ODOPB的加入导致复合材料的相对黏度下降,GNPs的添加对复合材料的相对黏度无明显影响;ODOPB与GNPs的复配协同作用提升了复合材料及纤维的阻燃抗熔滴性能,表现为凝聚相阻燃作用,ODOPB对PA6具有优异的阻燃效果,GNPs具有优异的抗熔滴和抑烟效果;当添加ODOPB质量分数为5%、GNPs质量分数为2%时,复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)可达31.8%,垂直燃烧达到V-0等级,复合纤维的LOI达29.8%;加入ODOPB及GNPs均会导致复合纤维的力学性能下降,当ODOPB质量分数为5%、GNPs质量分数为2%时,所得复合纤维的断裂强度从纯PA6纤维的3.3cN/dtex下降至1.5cN/dtex。

Preparation and properties characterization of flame retardant PA 6/ODOPB/GNPs composite material and fiber

By adding a phosphorus flame retardant of 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(ODOPB)and graphite nanosheets(GNPs)into polyamide 6(PA 6)polymerization system,PA 6/ODOPB/GNPs composites were prepared via in-situ polymerization and was melt spun into PA 6/ODOPB/GNPs composite fiber.The flame retardant properties of the obtained composites and fibers were also studied.The results showed that the addition of ODOPB caused the relative viscosity of the composites to decrease,but the addition of GNPs had no obvious effect on the relative viscosity of the composites;the synergistic effect of ODOPB and GNPs raised the flame retardant and melt drip resistance of the composites and fibers,which was manifested by the flame retardant effect of condensed phase,that is to say,ODOPB had excellent flame retardant effect on PA 6 and GNPs had excellent anti-droplet and smoke suppression effect;the limiting oxygen index(LOI)of the composites could reach 31.8%,the vertical combustion could reach V-0 grade,and the LOI of composite fibers could reach 29.8%when the mass fraction of ODOPB was 5%and GNPs was 2%;and adding ODOPB and GNPs would decrease the mechanical properties of the composite fibers,and the breaking strength of the composite fibers decreased from 3.3 cN/dtex of pure PA 6 fibers to 1.5 cN/dtex when the mass fraction of ODOPB was 5%and GNPs was 2%.