On the validity of Hall–Petch equation for single-phase β Ti–Al–Nb alloys undergoing stress-induced martensitic transformation

The yield strengths of Ti–Al–Nb alloys, which undergo stress-induced martensitic transformation, prior to the onset of plastic deformation during tensile testing, were found to obey the Hall–Petch relationship with grain size. The overall friction stress was observed to decrease with increase in Nb content while it remained more or less unchanged with increase in Al content in these alloys. On the other hand, the overall , the unpinning constant, which is an index of the efficiency of boundaries as obstacle to dislocation motion, was found to increase with increase in Nb and decrease with increase in Al content in these alloys.