河流冰塞的形成与壅水计算

我国北方河流,冬季普遍存在着冰情现象,依据成因不同,将河流冰盖分为热力冰盖和动力冰盖2种.河流冰情分为3种类型,第一种形成热力冰盖,第二种形成动力冰盖,即冰塞,第三种流冰花但不封河.冰塞可分为头部段、稳定段和尾部段3部分,其中冰塞稳定段的水流状态近似于管流,基于管流理论,依据黄河万家寨水库实测冰塞资料时形成冰塞稳定段的各种水力要素进行相关分析,推导出水库冰塞的计算方法.从验证计算和合理性检验两方面看,该方法的计算结果比较合理,可用于计算水库冰塞.

Formation of ice jam and calculation of backwater

In the northern areas of China,most rivers ice up in winter.Due to different cause of formation,there are two sorts of ice covers named "thermal ice cover" and "dynamic ice cover".There are three kinds of river conditions.On the first condition,thermal ice cover forms;on the second one,the dynamic;on the last condition,the river would not ice up although there are frazil ice floating.The ice jam can be divided into three parts,the head segment,the tail segment and the steady one in the middle.The flow in steady segment is similar to pipe flow.Based on the theory of pipe flow,a calculation method of ice jam in the reservoir is worked out by analyzing the hydraulic factors of the steady segment with the observed data derived from Wan jiazhai Reservoir on the Yellow River.Through the validating calculation and check for reasonableness,that method is proved to be fit for ice jam calculation in reservoirs.