Awakening propofol concentration with and without blood-effect site equilibration after short-term and long-term administration of propofol and fentanyl anesthesia

The stage at which breast cancer is diagnosed is an important determinant of prognosis. In contrast to the many investigations of the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of developing breast cancer, few have examined how alcohol consumption may affect the stage of this cancer at diagnosis. This article examines the relationship between alcohol intake and breast cancer stage and assesses consumption in relation to the volume of drinks consumed per week and the patterns of consumption 1 year prior to the breast cancer diagnosis. A total of 1191 women, aged 40 to 84 years, with newly diagnosed breast cancer were identified through the population-based Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System, a participant of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute. Of these, 1011 (85%) were interviewed 2 to 4 months following diagnosis. The analyses for this article were limited to 920 cases with local and regional stage disease. The bivariate analysis showed that frequent drinkers were more likely than abstainers or infrequent drinkers to present with regional disease. Logistic regression showed that frequent drinkers were 1.45 times more likely than infrequent drinkers to be diagnosed with later stage breast cancer (95% CI: 1.01-2.10; p = 05). The association between alcohol consumption and disease stage may be due to the relationship between heavy consumption and other unhealthy behaviors. In addition, women who drink more frequently may have less awareness of and access to cancer screening services. Heavy exposure to alcohol may also contribute to accelerated tumor growth once breast cancer is present.