中国磷矿石选矿工艺研究现状

磷矿是具有战略意义的非金属矿,具有不可替代性、不可再生性。我国磷矿资源丰富,但易选的沉积变质磷灰岩少,难选的磷块岩储量多。根据磷矿石的矿物学性质、矿床成因,将磷矿石分为岩浆岩型磷灰石、沉积变质岩型磷灰岩、沉积岩型磷块岩。岩浆岩型磷灰石的选矿方法有浮选法、磁浮联合工艺流程;沉积变质岩型磷灰岩中磷矿物嵌布粒度较粗,可浮性较好,采用直接浮选法、擦洗脱泥—浮选联合流程等工艺;沉积型磷块岩宜采用浮选法、重选法、重—浮联合流程、磁—浮联合流程、擦洗脱泥—浮选联合流程以及焙烧—消化工艺。针对我国磷矿石大部分为中低品位矿石、结晶微细、隐晶质、可选性差的特点,提出了浮选法与其他选矿方法的联合使用是处理此类难选矿石的主要方向。

Research Status of Mineral Processing Technology of Phosphate Rock in China

Phosphate rock is a non-metallic ore with strategic significance，irreplaceable and non-renewable.In China the phosphate rock is rich.However，there are few readily available sedimentary metamorphic apatite rocks and more refractory phosphate rock blocks.According to the mineralogical characteristics of phosphate rock，the phosphate ore is classified as magmatic rock apatite，sedimentary metamorphic phosphorite and sedimentary rock type phosphate.The magmatic rock apatite beneficiation method contains flotation method，magnetic-flotation combined process.Phosphorus minerals are distributed in sedimentary metamorphic phosphorite with embedded coarse grain size，has good floatability，which use direct flotation method，scrubbing desliming-flotation combined process.Sedimentary rock type phosphate suitable using flotation method，gravity method，gravity-flotation combined process，magnetic-floatation combined process，scrubbing desliming-flotation combined process and roasting-digestion process.For most of China's phosphate rock is low-grade，crystalline fine，cryptocrystalline，poor selectivity characteristics，it is proposed that the combined use of flotation and other beneficiation methods is the main direction to deal with such refractory ore.