基于快中子多重性计数器的Pu样品属性测量研究及改进

快中子多重性计数（fast neutron multiplicity counting, FNMC）分析方法能有效实现对样品属性的测量。本文在研究四阶FNMC分析方程的基础上，利用Geant4模拟搭建了1套3层、每层6个液闪的快中子多重性计数器，并确定了相关参数的数值。模拟设置外部具有1 cm厚的铁、铝、碳和不锈钢包装材料的金属Pu样品，通过方程适应性分析，该放射源基本满足设定的假设。对探测效率和多重计数率等测量参数进行模拟，当Pu样品质量在500 g以内时，由于增加碳作为包装材料，使得样品求解质量偏差增大的幅度小于1.20%，铁材料和不锈钢材料影响较小。根据测量结果，对无外壳条件下的样品进行增殖系数修正，得到三阶多项式拟合方程，拟合优度为0.933，质量在1 kg以内的样品，修正后的求解质量偏差小于6.00%。研究结果表明：1 cm厚的中重金属对Pu样品的测量影响较小，模拟搭建的快中子多重性计数器和系数修正相结合的方式实现了对样品属性的较准确测量。

Research and Improvement of Pu Sample Property Measurement Based on Fast Neutron Multiplicity Counter

Fast neutron multiplicity counting (FNMC) analysis method can effectively measure the properties of samples. Based on the fourth-order FNMC analytical equations, a set of three-layer fast neutron multiplicity counters with six liquid scintillators per layer was constructed for Geant4 simulation, and the values of related parameters were determined. Metal Pu sample with 1 cm iron, aluminum, carbon, and stainless steel packaging material was externally simulated, and the sample satisfied the assumption by the equation adaptive analysis. The measurement parameters such as detection efficiency and multiplicity counting rate were simulated. When the mass of Pu sample is less than 500 g, the increase of sample solution mass deviation is less than 1.20% with carbon as packaging material, and the influence of iron material and stainless steel material is less. According to the measurement results, the self-multiplication factor was corrected for the sample without shell, and the third-order polynomial fitting equation was obtained and the goodness of fit is 0.933. The corrected solution mass deviation of sample with mass less than 1 kg is less than 6.00%. The results show that the medium-heavy metal with thickness of 1 cm has little effect on the measurement of Pu samples. The combination of the fast neutron multiplicity counter and the coefficient correction method can achieve more accurate measurement of the sample properties.