汽车安全气囊爆炸威力的确定方法

安全气囊是一种汽车被动安全性保护系统,其中充填的化学物质能在车辆撞击事故中瞬间引爆并释放大量气体。安全气囊在制造、集中运输、集中存储、使用过程中经常发生意外爆炸事故,造成人员伤亡和设施破坏。为了准确计算汽车安全气囊的爆炸威力,基于典型气囊气体发生器的化学组成和爆热能量相似理论,提出了汽车安全气囊爆炸等效TNT当量的一种理论确定方法。结合安全气囊的三种爆炸反应方程式,确定了三种小型汽车典型安全气囊的等效TNT当量分别为32.6 g,37.3 g和31.6 g,平均TNT当量为33.8 g。基于计算结果,建立了等效的安全气囊爆炸有限元模型,通过将有限元计算结果与已有安全气囊爆炸试验结果进行对比分析,验证了该计算方法的可靠性和计算结果的准确性。

Method to determine the explosion power of an automobile airbag

An airbag is a passive protection system for automobiles, in which chemical substance was filled.It can be detonated when the vehicle collision accident takes place, and a large amount of gas would be released simultaneously.However, unexpected accidental explosions often take place in the process of manufacturing, transporting, storing, and using of airbags, resulting in casualties and destruction of facilities.To calculate the explosion power of automobile airbags accurately, a theoretical calculation method was proposed to determine the TNT equivalence of a typical vehicle airbag, on the basis of the chemical composition of a typical gas generator and the similarity theory of the explosion heat energy.By virtue of the three explosion reaction equations of airbags, the TNT equivalence of typical airbags were determined to be 33.6 g, 37.3 g and 31.6 g respectively, and the average TNT equivalence was 33.8 g.An equivalent FE model for airbag explosion was also developed in the LS-DYNA.The reliability and accuracy of the proposed theoretical calculation method was verified by comparing the results of FE model with the existing test results of airbag explosion.