国际视野下的详细规划与地方治理

以规划许可的法定规划依据为标准,本文比较了世界各国的"类"详细规划在历史发展、制度传统、社会需求与地方治理模式之间的趋同与分异,尤其以英国地方规划、德国B-Plan和美国区划为重点,说明在相似的技术工具之下,其治理逻辑与制度范式所存在的多样性和复合性,以及顺应需求和认识而变化的必然。在国际比较基础上,文章进一步提出了详细规划作为地方治理的技术工具和社会政策,其中的国家与地方分工、适合的精细化管理尺度选择、分类管控需求,以及在制度设计上寻求刚性与弹性兼容、保持动态平衡的普遍要求。

DETAILED PLAN AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY

As an international comparative study,this paper analyzes the similarities and differences in the historical development,institutional tradition,social demands,and local governance models of the so-called"statutory detailed plans"which serve as a legal ground for administrative planning permissions in different countries,such as the zoning in the US,the local plan in the UK,and the B-Plan in Germany.Through such an analysis,the paper argues that the logic of local governance varies greatly despite that the technical components of these detailed plans look similar to each other,so that it can better serve the shifting paradigm of local development and state interventions across times.The neo-detailed plan,as it is defined under the territorial planning reform starting from 2018 in China,shall be seen not only as a technical means of spatial planning,but also as a major social platform for the formulation of spatial policies.In the end,the paper further gives considerations to the division of state and local functions,the choice of delegating planning power to which level of"local"governments for making spatial policies,the differentiated requirements on controlling or promoting development,as well as the needs to develop a balanced structure to accommodate rigidity and flexibility,and mostly importantly,to achieve main planning goals while navigating through constant changes.