城轨车辆车体多重动力吸振器减振方法研究

为了让动力吸振器在降低轨道车辆车体振动的同时能够更好的适应车下剩余空间,根据多重动力吸振器原理,针对城轨车辆运行的特点,建立了包含多重动力吸振器的轨道车辆垂向振动模型,提出了适用于城市轨道车辆车体多重动力吸振器的设计方法。①讨论了载客量和速度变化对多重动力吸振器的减振性能的影响,指出了传统多重动力吸振器的局限性;②针对轨道车辆振动频率变化频繁的特点,提出了多重动力吸振器的目标频率的优化方法,从而避免了增振的情况出现;③以四条典型城市轨道线路为算例,利用DVA减振指标进行评价,分别获得了不同线路的车体多重动力吸振器的最优目标频率,并验证了该优化方法的有效性。研究结果表明:相同附加质量下,多重动力吸振器对车体的吸振能力要优于单个动力吸振器,考虑到实际的应用,在车体安装四重动力吸振器是较为适宜的选择;经过优化的多重动力吸振器在整个速度区间都能起到很好的减振效果,能够有效避免增振现象的发生;多重动力吸振器的目标频率的设计要针对不同的线路进行调整,特定线路需要特定设计才能发挥出最佳减振能力。该研究的工作为车体多重动力吸振器的研究和应用提供了参考依据。

Design method for multiple dynamic absorbers to reduce the vibration of a urban-rail vehicle body

In order to enable the dynamic absorber to more mitigate reduce the vibration of a rail vehicle body and also to better adapt to the remaining space of the lower part of the vehicle, according to the principle of multiple dynamic absorbers, a rail vehicle with multiple dynamic absorbers was modelled in full consideration of the operation characteristics of the urban rail vehicle.By virtue of the vibration model, a design method for multiple dynamic absorbers of urban rail vehicles was proposed.The influence of passenger capacity and velocity change on the damping performance of multiple dynamic absorbers, was discussed, the limitation of traditional multiple dynamic absorbers was pointed out, and then considering the specialties of frequent changes in the vibration frequency of rail vehicles, an optimization method for the target frequency of the multiple dynamic absorbers was proposed, so as to limit the occurrence of vibration growth.Taking four typical urban track lines as examples, the DVA index as a criterion to evaluate vibration reduction effect, was used to obtain the optimal target frequency of the multiple body dynamic absorbers of each line respectively, and to verify the effectiveness of the optimization method.The results show that with the same additional mass, the multiple dynamic absorbers have better vibration absorption capability than the single dynamic absorber.In practical application, it is a more appropriate choice to install a quadruple dynamic absorber on the vehicle body.The multiple dynamic absorbers can play a good damping effect in the entire speed range, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of vibration growth phenomenon.The target frequency of multiple dynamic absorbers should be adjusted for different lines, and specific lines need to be specified to produce  the best damping ability.The study provides a reference to the research and application of multiple dynamic shock absorbers to the vehicle body.